The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) performed a controlled crash impact with its Moon Impact Probe (MIP) on 14 November 2008. The European Space Agency performed a controlled crash impact with their orbiter SMART-1 on 3 September 2006. Japan's lunar orbiter Hiten impacted the Moon's surface on 10 April 1993. More recently, other space programs have made intentional hard landings, sometimes with end-of-life lunar orbiters that could no longer maintain their orbits. The Soviet Union performed the first hard Moon landing – "hard" meaning the spacecraft intentionally crashes into the Moon – with the Luna 2 spacecraft in 1959, a feat the U.S. The Soviet Union (Interkosmos), the United States (NASA), China (CNSA) and India (ISRO) are the only four nations to have successfully achieved soft landings. Six national space agencies ( Interkosmos, NASA, CNSA, ISRO, JAXA and the European Space Agency) have reached the moon with uncrewed missions that achieved varying degrees of success, as well as two private/commercial missions from Israel and Japan. Uncrewed landings Stamp with a drawing of the first soft landed probe Luna 9, next to the first view of the lunar surface photographed by the probe All soft landings took place on the near side of the Moon until 3 January 2019, when the Chinese Chang'e 4 spacecraft made the first landing on the far side of the Moon. The United States is the only country to have successfully conducted crewed missions to the Moon, with the last departing the lunar surface in December 1972. landings between 19, and numerous uncrewed landings, with no soft landings happening between 22 August 1976 and 14 December 2013. The United States' Apollo 11 was the first crewed mission to land on the Moon, on 20 July 1969. The first human-made object to touch the Moon was the Soviet Union's Luna 2, on 13 September 1959. This includes both crewed and robotic missions. Ī Moon landing or lunar landing is the arrival of a spacecraft on the surface of the Moon. An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched this event, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time. Still frame from a video transmission, taken moments before Neil Armstrong became the first human to step onto the surface of the Moon, at 02:56 UTC on 21 July 1969. Except for the Apollo program, all soft landings were uncrewed. Dates are landing dates in Coordinated Universal Time.
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